While transitioning into purpose-built designs, a number of features from wagons were retained, including wood construction, perimeter bench seating, and rear entry doors. As vehicles evolved from horse-drawn to 'horseless' propulsion on a wider basis, the wagon bodies of kid hacks and school cars were adapted to truck frames. It is based on a 1927 Ford Model T chassis.įollowing the first decade of the 20th century, several developments would affect the design of the school bus and student transport. In 1869, Massachusetts became the first state to add transportation to public education by 1900, 16 other states would transport students to school.

As a horse-drawn wagon, the school car was fitted with a rear entrance door (intended to avoid startling the horses while loading or unloading passengers) over a century later, the design remains in use (as an emergency exit). In 1892, Indiana-based Wayne Works (later Wayne Corporation) produced its first 'school car' A purpose-built design, the school car was constructed with perimeter-mounted wooden bench seats and a roof (the sides remained open). Essentially re-purposed farm wagons, kid hacks were open to the elements, with little to no weather protection. For those students who lived beyond practical walking distance from school, transportation was facilitated in the form of the kid hack at the time, ' hack' was a term referring to certain types of horse-drawn carriages. In the second half of the 19th century, many rural areas of the United States and Canada were served by one-room schools.

2.2.3.1 Passive restraints (compartmentalization)ĭesign history 19th century Ī 1912 Studebaker truck with a school bus body.

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